Duracell Ni-MH Instrukcja Użytkownika

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Ni-MH Rechargeable Batteries
able of Contents
1 Introduction
2 General Characteristics
3 Composition and Chemistry
3.1 Active Components: Positive and Negative Electrodes
3.2 Electrolyte
3.3 Cell Reactions
4 Battery Construction
4
.1 Basic Cell Construction
4.2 Cylindrical Cell Construction
4.3 Prismatic Cell Construction
5.1 General Characteristics
5.2 Discharge Characteristics: Effect of Discharge Rate
and Temperature
5.3 Capacity: Effect of Discharge Rate
and Temperature
5.4 Energy Density
5.5 Constant Power Discharge Characteristics
5.6 Polarity Reversal During Overdischarge
5.7 Internal Impedance
5.8 Self-Discharge and Charge Retention
5.9 Voltage Depression (“Memory Effect”)
6.1 General Principles
6.2 Techniques for Charge Control
6.2.1 Timed Charge
6.2.2 Voltage Drop (-V)
6.2.3 Voltage Plateau (zero V)
6.2.4 Temperature Cutoff
6.2.5 Delta Temperature Cutoff (TCO)
6.2.6 Rate of Temperature Increase (dT/dt)
6.3 Charging Methods
6.3.1 Duracell’s Recommendation:
Three-Step Charge Procedure
6.3.2 Low-Rate Charge
6.3.3 Quick Charge
6.3.4 Fast Charge
6.3.5 Trickle Charge
6.4 Thermal Devices
5 Performance Characteristics
6 Charging Sealed Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
7 Cycle and Battery Life
7.1 Cycle Life
7.2 Battery Life
8 Safety Considerations
9 Proper Use and Handling
9.1
Care and Handling
9.2 Transportation
9.3 Waste Management: Recycling and Disposal
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Strona 1 - Ni-MH Rechargeable Batteries

TTNi-MH Rechargeable Batteriesable of Contents1 Introduction2 General Characteristics3 Composition and Chemistry3.1 Active Components: Positive and N

Strona 2

Ni-MH Rechargeable Batteries5.7 Internal ImpedanceDURACELL nickel-metal hydride batteries have lowinternal impedance because they are manufactured us

Strona 3

10Ni-MH Rechargeable BatteriesAlthough many years of premium performance can be enjoyed from a nickel-metal hydride battery thatis properly handled, t

Strona 4

66Ni-MH Rechargeable Batteries6.1 General PrinciplesRecharging is the process of replacing energythat has been discharged from the battery. The subs

Strona 5

Duracell recommends the charge termination methoddescribed in Section 6.3.1. The voltage of the nickel-metal hydride batteryduring charge depends on

Strona 6

13Ni-MH Rechargeable BatteriesThe following summary explains some of therecommended methods for charge control. The charac-teristics of each of these

Strona 7 - Performance Characteristics

6.2.5 Delta Temperature Cutoff (∆TCO)6.2.6 Rate of Temperature Increase (dT/dt)6.3 Charging MethodsNi-MH Rechargeable BatteriesThis technique measure

Strona 8 - Capacity (Ah)

6.3.1 Duracell’s Recommendation: Three-Step Charge Procedure6.3.2 Low-Rate Charge (≈12 hours)6.3.3 Quick Charge (≈4 hours)6.3.4 Fast Charge (≈1 hour)N

Strona 9 - FIGURE 5.5.1

6.3.5 Trickle Charge6.4 Thermal Devices16Ni-MH Rechargeable BatteriesA number of applications require the use ofbatteries which are maintained in a fu

Strona 10 - 5.7 Internal Impedance

77Cycle and Battery Life7.1 Cycle LifeThe cycle life of nickel-metal hydride batteriesdepends on the many conditions to which the batteryhas been exp

Strona 11 - FIGURE 5.9.1

7.2 Battery LifeTable 7.2.1Recommended PermissibleLow Rate Charge 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) 0°C to 45°C (32°F to 113°F)Quick Charge 10°C to 30°C (5

Strona 12 - 6.1 General Principles

Ni-MH Rechargeable Batteries1122IntroductionRapid advancements in electronic technology have expanded the number of battery-powered portabledevices in

Strona 13 - FIGURE 6.1.4

88Safety ConsiderationsDuracell’s nickel-metal hydride batteries are designed to ensure maximum safety. Each cell includes aresealable pressure relie

Strona 14 - FIGURE 6.2.1

20Ni-MH Rechargeable BatteriesTable 8.0.1Test Test Conditions Test ResultsFlat Plate Crush Test Cell is crushed between No explosion, sparks, or fl

Strona 15 - 6.3 Charging Methods

Ni-MH Rechargeable Batteries2199Proper Use and HandlingNickel-metal hydride batteries can give years of safe and reliable service if they are used in

Strona 16

22Ni-MH Rechargeable Batteries9.3 Waste Management: Recycling and Disposal9.2 TransportationProcedures for the transportation of batteriesare specifi

Strona 17

Ni-MH Rechargeable Batteries33Composition and ChemistryA rechargeable battery is based on the principle that the charge/discharge process is reversibl

Strona 18 - Cycle and Battery Life

The sealed nickel-metal hydride cell uses the“oxygen-recombination” mechanism to prevent a build-up of pressure that may result from the generation of

Strona 19

4Ni-MH Rechargeable Batteries44Battery Construction DURACELL standard-sized nickel-metal hydride batteries are constructed with cylindrical and prisma

Strona 20

Ni-MH Rechargeable BatteriesThe basic differences between the prismaticcell and the cylindrical cell are the construction ofthe electrodes and the sha

Strona 21

Ni-MH Rechargeable Batteries5.1 General CharacteristicsThe discharge characteristics of the nickel-metalhydride cell are very similar to those of the

Strona 22

Typically, when the current is higher and thetemperature is lower, the operating voltage will belower. This is due to the higher “IR” drop thatoccurs

Strona 23

Figure 5.4.1 compares the gravimetric andvolumetric energy density of nickel-metal hydrideand nickel-cadmium cells. As indicated, nickel-metalhydride

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